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VANI BHATNAGAR

design (research + strategy)

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THE FOREST COLLECTIVE

Biodesign

2022

CHALLENGE

Build a sustainable business model to reduce the anthropological forest fires in Himalayan forests and create alternative livelihood sources for the affected farmers.

FUNDING

NIDHI PRAYAS Grant by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
Founder's Grant by Ritesh Agarwal
Diamond Do Good Grant by United People Global

ACCOLADES

Technology incubation at Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi
Business incubation at Indian Institute of Management, Bengaluru
Path-Builder Social Innovation Challenge 2022

OUTCOME

An open-sourced business model to launch a scalable biomaterial manufacturing venture, requiring a low-tech adoption and minimal investment. Three revenue streams catering to desirability, feasibility and viability. Above all, a restored makers' community and agency to solve one's own community's challenges.

KEY LEARNINGS

One can't 'boil the ocean' - the solution needs to be clear enough to solve a targetted part of the problem. To accomplish even that much, it would take a village. Therefore, building a team and a network should be a part of the strategy.

IN THE NEWS

How might we reduce anthropological forest fires in the Himalayas?

In 2022, when the final waves of COVID-19 seemed to be receding, I decided to serve my penchant for the Himalayas through an entrepreneurship fellowship dedicated to the region, called the Naropa Fellowship. During the one year tenure, I learnt and worked towards solving for several ecological, economic and social problems that were unique to this terrain. However, one specific issue of forest fires caught my attention at a deeper level, which later turned into a longer term venture. The Himalayan forests were natively lush with deciduous and evergreen trees, including conifers such as pine. The human population inhabiting these forests were low, and resources to support the community's needs were abundant. After the early 19th century, the area saw massive exploitation for commercial purposes. The British salvaged oak, sal and deodar trees for timber, leading to substantial loss of the original cover. To show replenishment of the tree count, fast-growing exotic species such as eucalyptus, pine and Japanese cedar were planted. Today, the pine forest cover stands at 76,200 sq km in the entire Himalayan region and has an estimated habitat loss of 86.65%. The overall impact on the ecology and well-being of local communities cannot be measured. Additionally, the decrease in opportunities and population increase has also caused rapid urban migration of youth.

MY ROLE

I initially started working in a team of four, identifying key tenets for the sucess of the project - design, technology, chemistry and social development. Our research phase was very collaborative requiring these interchangeable lenses throughout our desk study and community interactions. As we transitioned towards the sensemaking and product development phases, I went on to build a sole venture. This also meant that I had to wear several hats and understand the depth of each tenet, as most startup founders do. 

Whether it was self-teaching myself the principles of biodesign or building a vast network of experts to mentor me along the way, this project was undoubtedly one where I had to be constantly hands-on, and perhaps, out of my comfort zone (please infer, most enriching experience that I could have gotten).

PRIMARY RESEARCH

HOW MIGHT WE STOP FOREST FIRES AND RESTORE NATIVE ECOLOGY?

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Himachal Pradesh, India

Population

Literacy

Poverty

Wildfire

Himachal Pradesh

New Delhi

Dharamshala

Palampur

Mandi

Kullu

Kangra

123 people per square kilometer

82%

3%

<10,000 per season

WHAT SERIES OF EVENTS LEAD TO A FOREST FIRE?

Planning & Action

Escalation

Crisis

Farmer surveys his land after winter season

Notices thick layer of pine needles

Decides to use burning method for fast clearing

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Wind Direction

Lights small fires at field edges

Fire starts spreading with the wind

Calls neighbors for help

Villagers contact Forest Department

Fire line created, firefighting begins

Field is unusable for a season

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Manually clearing pine needles

Burning pine needles as a quick fix

UNDERSTANDING THE ECOSYSTEM

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Primary stakeholders

The opportunity gap?

Roadblock
(Red taping?)

Secondary stakeholders

Further investigation areas

Jobs to be done

STAKEHOLDER STORIES

HOW MIGHT WE PERSUADE FARMERS TO NOT BURN CROP STUBLE?

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"The forest burns every year now - but it feels like our house is on fire."

Protection of home and crops for income for family sustenance

Incentivization of affordable and safe land clearing methods

High Priority

Income diversification beyond agricultural practice

Medium Priority

Government schemes that support a maker's ecosystem

Community fire response coordination and training

Low Priority

"Contributing this little extra income to my family gives me a sense of purpose."

Access to flexible livelihood opportunities near home

Recognition and support for economic contribution

Inclusion in community-level decision making

Skill development and microenterprise support

Involvement in wildfire response

"Even if I want to live in the village, I have to move to the city to support my family."

Access to modern education and digital connectivity

Local employment and entrepreneurship opportunities

Mentorship or training for higher paying jobs

Participation in community development projects

Traditional farming as a long-term career option

RESEARCH INTERVIEWS
(TECHNICAL)

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MICRO

Prakash Bhandari
Himdhara, HP

Dr Sarla Shashni
GB Pant Institute, HP

Gaurav Wali
NIFT, HP

MACRO

Prof Saurabh Mittal
IIT, Mandi

Prof Siddappa Shetty
ATREE, Bengaluru

REMOTE

Katharina Jebsen

Burg Giebichenstein, Germany

Aaron Mendonca

Harvard GSD, USA

Prof Randhir Mishra
IIM, Bengaluru

MATERIAL ANATOMY

HOW MIGHT WE ASSIGN A MARKET VALUE TO THIS FOREST WASTE?

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DEVELOPING MATERIAL USE CASES

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PINE - STARCH BIO - COMPOSITE

MADE BY TINKERING WITH 100% BIO-BASED AND LOCAL MATERIALS

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2D FORMS WITH VARYING STRENGTH, ELASTICITY AND FLEXIBILITY

3D FORM TO TEST FOR HOLDING DIFFERENT SHAPES

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FUNCTIONAL FORM TO TEST FOR SCALABLE APPLICATION

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STRATEGIZING A CIRCULAR MAKER'S ECONOMY

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BUSINESS INSIGHTS TO ROADMAP PLANNING

Business Model

We needed to build legitimacy through our business structure to mass mobilise communities and trigger behaviour change at scale. A not-for-profit did not seem like a viable and sustainable option but it was the only means to secure climate grants. On the other hand, a for-profit would be difficult to navigate within our values of open sourcing and knowledge-sharing.

Building a for-profit front for the business could aid us in two ways - build brand recall value amongst end consumers and fund the research for bio-composite materials. The research could essentially become a project under a community-run foundation which could also secure grant funding. Hence, a hybrid business model seemed like an appropriate solution.

Team Building

While we came a long way in developing the pine bio-composite material, a longer stretch of research and expertise was required to make it market-ready. When we ventured to scout talent, we understood the scarcity of it. Particularly wanting to engage with Indian biodesigners, we struggled with the novelty of the concept, being left with only the choice of chemical material engineers, resorting to unsustainable means of material-making - which defeated our purpose.

Developing the material helped us in two ways - it gave us an unmatched understanding of the biochemistry and materiality of pine and served as a proof-of-concept to attract buzz. While we are still a work in progress in developing our biodesign team, we not only raised funds to support the research but also attained a reliable network to aid our business development.

Revenue Streams

Logistics aside, our biggest challenge is to be transparent about our material recipes. While one would argue that patenting the recipe is essential to protect personal interest, our desire to reach impact at scale in a decentralised fashion is only possible through open-sourcing.

We constantly strive to innovate our business model further, taking inspiration from startups like Precious Plastic that have championed open-sourcing while still staying profitable. However, such examples are few. Striving to pioneer such a model, this is still a work in progress.

Up next...

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Sustainable Fashion

How can we reposition the brand to align with international sustainaility standards?

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© 2025 Vani Bhatnagar
Made with love and fueled by iced matcha lattes, while listening to:

© 2025 Vani Bhatnagar

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