THE FOREST COLLECTIVE
Biodesign
2022
CHALLENGE
Build a sustainable business model to reduce the anthropological forest fires in Himalayan forests and create alternative livelihood sources for the affected farmers.
FUNDING
NIDHI PRAYAS Grant by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
Founder's Grant by Ritesh Agarwal
Diamond Do Good Grant by United People Global
ACCOLADES
Technology incubation at Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi
Business incubation at Indian Institute of Management, Bengaluru
Path-Builder Social Innovation Challenge 2022
OUTCOME
An open-sourced business model to launch a scalable biomaterial manufacturing venture, requiring a low-tech adoption and minimal investment. Three revenue streams catering to desirability, feasibility and viability. Above all, a restored makers' community and agency to solve one's own community's challenges.
KEY LEARNINGS
One can't 'boil the ocean' - the solution needs to be clear enough to solve a targetted part of the problem. To accomplish even that much, it would take a village. Therefore, building a team and a network should be a part of the strategy.
IN THE NEWS
How might we reduce anthropological forest fires in the Himalayas?
In 2022, when the final waves of COVID-19 seemed to be receding, I decided to serve my penchant for the Himalayas through an entrepreneurship fellowship dedicated to the region, called the Naropa Fellowship. During the one year tenure, I learnt and worked towards solving for several ecological, economic and social problems that were unique to this terrain. However, one specific issue of forest fires caught my attention at a deeper level, which later turned into a longer term venture. The Himalayan forests were natively lush with deciduous and evergreen trees, including conifers such as pine. The human population inhabiting these forests were low, and resources to support the community's needs were abundant. After the early 19th century, the area saw massive exploitation for commercial purposes. The British salvaged oak, sal and deodar trees for timber, leading to substantial loss of the original cover. To show replenishment of the tree count, fast-growing exotic species such as eucalyptus, pine and Japanese cedar were planted. Today, the pine forest cover stands at 76,200 sq km in the entire Himalayan region and has an estimated habitat loss of 86.65%. The overall impact on the ecology and well-being of local communities cannot be measured. Additionally, the decrease in opportunities and population increase has also caused rapid urban migration of youth.
MY ROLE
I initially started working in a team of four, identifying key tenets for the sucess of the project - design, technology, chemistry and social development. Our research phase was very collaborative requiring these interchangeable lenses throughout our desk study and community interactions. As we transitioned towards the sensemaking and product development phases, I went on to build a sole venture. This also meant that I had to wear several hats and understand the depth of each tenet, as most startup founders do.
Whether it was self-teaching myself the principles of biodesign or building a vast network of experts to mentor me along the way, this project was undoubtedly one where I had to be constantly hands-on, and perhaps, out of my comfort zone (please infer, most enriching experience that I could have gotten).
PRIMARY RESEARCH
HOW MIGHT WE STOP FOREST FIRES AND RESTORE NATIVE ECOLOGY?

Himachal Pradesh, India
Population
Literacy
Poverty
Wildfire
Himachal Pradesh
New Delhi
Dharamshala
Palampur
Mandi
Kullu
Kangra
123 people per square kilometer
82%
3%
<10,000 per season
WHAT SERIES OF EVENTS LEAD TO A FOREST FIRE?
Planning & Action
Escalation
Crisis
Farmer surveys his land after winter season
Notices thick layer of pine needles
Decides to use burning method for fast clearing

Wind Direction
Lights small fires at field edges
Fire starts spreading with the wind
Calls neighbors for help
Villagers contact Forest Department
Fire line created, firefighting begins
Field is unusable for a season

Manually clearing pine needles
Burning pine needles as a quick fix
UNDERSTANDING THE ECOSYSTEM

Primary stakeholders
The opportunity gap?
Roadblock
(Red taping?)
Secondary stakeholders
Further investigation areas
Jobs to be done
STAKEHOLDER STORIES
HOW MIGHT WE PERSUADE FARMERS TO NOT BURN CROP STUBLE?

"The forest burns every year now - but it feels like our house is on fire."
Protection of home and crops for income for family sustenance
Incentivization of affordable and safe land clearing methods
High Priority
Income diversification beyond agricultural practice
Medium Priority
Government schemes that support a maker's ecosystem
Community fire response coordination and training
Low Priority
"Contributing this little extra income to my family gives me a sense of purpose."
Access to flexible livelihood opportunities near home
Recognition and support for economic contribution
Inclusion in community-level decision making
Skill development and microenterprise support
Involvement in wildfire response
"Even if I want to live in the village, I have to move to the city to support my family."
Access to modern education and digital connectivity
Local employment and entrepreneurship opportunities
Mentorship or training for higher paying jobs
Participation in community development projects
Traditional farming as a long-term career option
RESEARCH INTERVIEWS
(TECHNICAL)

MICRO
Prakash Bhandari
Himdhara, HP
Dr Sarla Shashni
GB Pant Institute, HP
Gaurav Wali
NIFT, HP
MACRO
Prof Saurabh Mittal
IIT, Mandi
Prof Siddappa Shetty
ATREE, Bengaluru
REMOTE
Katharina Jebsen
Burg Giebichenstein, Germany
Aaron Mendonca
Harvard GSD, USA
Prof Randhir Mishra
IIM, Bengaluru
MATERIAL ANATOMY
HOW MIGHT WE ASSIGN A MARKET VALUE TO THIS FOREST WASTE?
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DEVELOPING MATERIAL USE CASES

PINE - STARCH BIO - COMPOSITE
MADE BY TINKERING WITH 100% BIO-BASED AND LOCAL MATERIALS

2D FORMS WITH VARYING STRENGTH, ELASTICITY AND FLEXIBILITY
3D FORM TO TEST FOR HOLDING DIFFERENT SHAPES

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FUNCTIONAL FORM TO TEST FOR SCALABLE APPLICATION

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STRATEGIZING A CIRCULAR MAKER'S ECONOMY

BUSINESS INSIGHTS TO ROADMAP PLANNING
Business Model
We needed to build legitimacy through our business structure to mass mobilise communities and trigger behaviour change at scale. A not-for-profit did not seem like a viable and sustainable option but it was the only means to secure climate grants. On the other hand, a for-profit would be difficult to navigate within our values of open sourcing and knowledge-sharing.
Building a for-profit front for the business could aid us in two ways - build brand recall value amongst end consumers and fund the research for bio-composite materials. The research could essentially become a project under a community-run foundation which could also secure grant funding. Hence, a hybrid business model seemed like an appropriate solution.
Team Building
While we came a long way in developing the pine bio-composite material, a longer stretch of research and expertise was required to make it market-ready. When we ventured to scout talent, we understood the scarcity of it. Particularly wanting to engage with Indian biodesigners, we struggled with the novelty of the concept, being left with only the choice of chemical material engineers, resorting to unsustainable means of material-making - which defeated our purpose.
Developing the material helped us in two ways - it gave us an unmatched understanding of the biochemistry and materiality of pine and served as a proof-of-concept to attract buzz. While we are still a work in progress in developing our biodesign team, we not only raised funds to support the research but also attained a reliable network to aid our business development.
Revenue Streams
Logistics aside, our biggest challenge is to be transparent about our material recipes. While one would argue that patenting the recipe is essential to protect personal interest, our desire to reach impact at scale in a decentralised fashion is only possible through open-sourcing.
We constantly strive to innovate our business model further, taking inspiration from startups like Precious Plastic that have championed open-sourcing while still staying profitable. However, such examples are few. Striving to pioneer such a model, this is still a work in progress.










