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VANI BHATNAGAR

design (research + strategy)

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HIGH TIDE

Disaster Preparedness

2025

CHALLENGE

Build a future-facing tool to help urban coastal communities in New York prepare for climate disasters—especially those historically excluded from disaster planning processes. The aim: increase individual and collective readiness for floods while sparking systemic conversations around equity, ecology, and resilience.

IMPACT

Early tests in Red Hook, Brooklyn demonstrated the power of narrative to shift mindsets—from passive recipients of aid to active stewards of resilience. The project fostered new collaborations across local government, educators, and residents.

OUTCOME

A phygital role-playing game that blends storytelling, augmented reality, and behavioural science to simulate climate emergencies. Designed for hyperlocal use, High Tide empowers residents to explore adaptive strategies through play. It also offers policymakers a behavioural insight tool to inform preparedness efforts. Modular and scalable, the prototype is tailored for low-barrier implementation in schools, community centers, and public spaces.

KEY LEARNINGS

Preparedness is not just about information—it’s about imagination. To drive action, people must first be able to see themselves in possible futures. By designing with communities (not just for them), we unlock agency, trust, and long-term engagement. Most importantly: systems change starts with story.

How is it that in a city so advanced, coastal risk still feels invisible?

In 2024, as we began shaping ideas for our Capstone project at Parsons School of Design, Sonima and I found ourselves sitting with a quiet realization: for the first time in our lives, we were coastal residents. Back in India, we had grown up witnessing stories of yearly floods—on the news, in public discourse, and through the lived experiences of others. We understood the chaos they brought, the communities they displaced, the normalcy they disrupted. But it had always been something happening elsewhere. In New York, that changed. Suddenly, we were living on the edge of rising waters—aware of Hurricane Sandy only through its echoes—and we realized how unprepared we were. Our journey led us to Red Hook, Brooklyn, a neighborhood surrounded on three sides by water and disproportionately vulnerable to flooding. It’s also home to PortSide NewYork, a maritime nonprofit run by Carolina, Peter, and their shipcat, Chiclet—our earliest and most generous collaborators. When 14-foot waves from Hurricane Sandy crashed into the neighborhood, Carolina and Peter chose to stay aboard their historic tugboat, the Mary A. Whalen, to keep it from breaking loose and damaging nearby homes and docks. In the days and months that followed, they became community anchors—providing emergency resources, sharing real-time updates, and advocating for Red Hook’s resilience. During one of our early interviews, we asked them a seemingly simple question: What’s in your go-bag? Their answer surprised us. Despite being experts in maritime emergency protocols, neither had one prepared. That moment crystallized the challenge for us: If those closest to disaster response aren’t ready, how can we expect the rest of us to be? If technical expertise doesn’t automatically translate into action, perhaps the problem isn’t awareness—it’s approach.

MY ROLE

Both Sonima Katara and I were design researchers and strategists on High Tide, a year-long Capstone project developed under the mentorship of Professor Rhea Alexander. The project evolved across multiple courses during our MS in Strategic Design and Management at Parsons—New Economies and Societies, Sustainable Business Model, Design Research Capstone and Design Strategy Capstone.
 

I brought my background in disaster management and climate resilience, while Sonima contributed her deep expertise in technology. What united us was a shared commitment to impact entrepreneurship and community-centered design. Together, we explored how speculative tools, behavioural science, and participatory storytelling could shift how communities prepare for climate disasters.
 

Throughout the project, we collaboratively led systems framing, behavioural research, partnership development with stakeholders, and experience design for the game prototype. We also focused on crafting the storytelling arc, translating complex preparedness challenges into emotionally resonant, community-driven narratives that could activate awareness and agency across both public and institutional audiences.

1

Problem Identification

UNDERSTANDING PREPAREDNESS PLANNING AND ADAPTATION

UNFOLDING DISASTER VULNERABILITY

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New York City is surrounded by water, and rising sea levels are making floods more frequent and destructive. Since 1900, sea levels have risen 12 inches, and by 2100, they could rise up to 5.4 feet, intensifying coastal storms.

Ethnographic Findings:

(left) High Water Mark from Hurricane Sandy

(right) Barnacle Parade 2024 to commemorate resilience during Hurricane Sandy

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Floods amplify existing inequities, leaving vulnerable communities disproportionately exposed

Vulnerability Beyond Physical Proximity

"Social vulnerability indices reveal the stark contrast in flood readiness across neighborhoods. Low-income areas face compounding risks.”

- Sofya Krasnaya,
Urban Systems Lab

“Disasters don’t create inequity—they reveal them. Vulnerable communities are already at a disadvantage when flood hits.”

- Climate Policy Expert

Communities often lack the tools or motivation to act on available disaster preparedness information.

The Knowledge-Action Disconnect

Disaster communication isn’t just about information; it’s about usability and trust.

Natural Disasters Are Communication Disasters

Disaster alerts lack contextualized, real-time solutions for affected populations

70%

NYC residents didn’t know evacuation zones existed during Hurricane Sandy

64%

The impacts of floods are complex, chaotic, and multifaceted.

UNDERSTANDING LIVED EXPERIENCES

"We only knew what to do because our neighbor had been through this before. The officials? They were silent."

"I just want a simple map on my fridge, not five complicated apps on my phone."

"We knew the floods were coming, but we didn’t know what that would look like or what to do or who to turn to for help."

- NYC Residents on their experience during Hurricane Sandy in focus group discussions

Survey

What comes to mind when you think of ‘disaster preparedness’?

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Key findings from primary research:

Today’s coastal residents do not have ‘coastal living skills’.

1

The threat of flood is intangible and diluting with time.

2

Nature-based solutions receive heavy pushback from residents.

3

Vulnerable neighborhood are historically excluded from preparedness.

4

EXISTING SOLUTIONS

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 PLAUSIBLE  FUTURING 

 COMMUNITY  LEADERSHIP  PROGRAMS 

 TABLETOP  PLANNING 

 COMMUNICATION  AND ALERTS 

 READY NYC  COLLATERALS 

 GAMES AND  SIMULATIONS 

 FLOOD DRILLS 

Current flood preparedness solutions often fail to engage participants in a meaningful or sustained way. While these are essential, they frequently induce or reintroduce trauma, reinforcing feelings of helplessness or fear rather than fostering proactive, confident action.

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Market Viability

Analogous Games

Games offer a unique opportunity to shift this narrative.

What if flood preparedness didn’t have to be full of stress and anxiety?

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Features Audit

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Current gaming trends:

Mobile
AR and VR
Cross-Platform
Social or Competitive
AI-Enabled
NFTs and Blockchain

2

Research Validation

To validate our research, we gamified components of tabletop planning and plausible futuring and workshopped decision-making around flood scenarios from the perspectives of various stakeholders involved.

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Post workshop reflections from participants

"The game helped me understand what the perspective of each role might be. Through the discussions, the complexity of so many groups adressing the same issues were highlighted."

"People behave very differently than usual in a panic situation. Shared biases, like distrust of authority, run deep—even without proof."

"Collaboration is very important to overcome a situation like this."

"Sometimes I don't think creatively in urgent problems; this workshop helped me think outside the box."

3

Problem Framing

RESEARCH SYNTHESIS

 What stops people from taking action? 

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IDENTIFIED PROBLEM STATEMENT

How might we create an educational intervention that empowers the NYC community to close the gap between their knowledge of disaster preparedness measures and their actions?

4

Scoping

UNFOLDING DISASTER VULNERABILITY

We scoped down our research to Red Hook to focus on a specific, disaster-prone community with unique socio-economic challenges, allowing us to deeply understand localized vulnerabilities and tailor our preparedness solutions to meet the specific needs of that area.

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16.1% yearly population growth

Increasing gentrification

Increasing house rentals over ownership

2023 Census Data

ECOSYSTEM MAPPING

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PLAYER PERSONAS

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Moved to Red Hook for better school options for her two kids.


“Honestly, I know floods are a thing here, but it’s not something we ever dealt with back home. I wouldn’t even know where to go if something happened.”

 FLOOD AWARENESS LEVELS  

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International grad student from Nigeria. Chose Red Hook for affordability.

 

“It sounds serious, but it also feels... distant. Until someone shows me exactly what to do, it’s hard to imagine it being real.”

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Born and raised in Red Hook. Owns a small café.
 

“During Sandy, the water came right into my house. It wasn’t a warning — it just happened. A lot of people here now have no idea how fast it can turn bad.”

5

Concept Development and Testing

CONCEPT ITERATIONS AND TESTING

We developed three distinct game concepts and shared them with potential players to gather their feedback. Through a survey, we asked participants to evaluate the concepts, helping us understand their preferences and ultimately narrow down the direction for the final game design.

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CO-CREATION WORKSHOP

The co-creation workshop with our partners at Portside NY involved collaborating closely with community members to gather insights and ideas, ensuring the gameplay accurately reflected real-world challenges and priorities.

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CONCEPT TESTING: GAME NIGHT

With the help of Portside NY, we co-hosted game nights to test low-fidelity prototypes of the game with our target audience, including local residents, community leaders, and families. 

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CONCEPT TESTING: THE $100 CHALLENGE

To further validate our game concept, we launched a $100 challenge, creating two Eventbrite events to gauge interest and test sign-up rates. The events reached over 10,000 people, resulting in 45 RSVPs within just one week, despite minimal ad boosts. 

Additionally, we ran an offline Amazing Race campaign to build local excitement, placing early bird sign-up posters around community hotspots. This generated 8 sign-ups within one week, providing us with insights into local engagement and interest in the game.

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6

Strategy Prototyping

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Through localized, collaborative, and urgent play.

High Tide transforms real community gaps into active learning moments

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risks in your environment

 EXPLORE 

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A data-informed map-based simulation of real real-world flood scenario

Neighborhood-based challenges

critical supplies

GATHER

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Scavenger missions to build emergency plan and go-bag, interacting with local business owners in neighbourhood

Build your Go-Bag Essentials

strategies under pressure

DECIDE

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Dynamic task cards and challenges simulate real choices

Collaborate under uncertainty

reinforce learning & improve response for the future

REFLECT

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Celebrating winners and sharing reflections. Connecting gaming goals to real world

Turn play into preparedness

7

Strategic Vision

Our approach to scaling High Tide combines top-down and bottom-up strategies.
 

Top-down, we partner with governments, community organizations, and schools to integrate the game into preparedness and disaster response programs.

 

Bottom-up, we empower individual players to engage at their own pace, building a mass movement of personal preparedness.

A key opportunity lies in how we can use player data in safe, equitable and transparent ways to collect real-time insights, way in advance of the actual disaster rather than after a disaster strikes - translating grassroots needs to immediate policy actions. 

 

This data-driven approach creates a powerful feedback loop that empowers communities while driving systemic change.

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So whether it’s flooding in NYC, wildfires in California, or earthquakes in Tokyo, we can customize the game’s challenges, maps, and learning outcomes to fit local and context-specific risks.

8

Success Metrics

SUCCESSFUL OUTCOMES

Individual Preparedness & Behavioral Willingness

1

2

Community Engagement and Real-World Challenges

Data-Driven Decision-Making and Policy Intervention

3

METRICS TO TRACK

QUANTITATIVE

Pre- and post-game quizzes & in-game knowledge checkpoints

Neighborhood business QR code scans, footfall, and interactions

Drill participation and engagement rate

 

Adoption in schools, businesses, and organizations

QUALITATIVE

Qualitative analysis of decision patterns
 

Post-game preparedness checklist & reflection surveys
 

Community collaboration & role-playing effectiveness

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© 2025 Vani Bhatnagar
Made with love and fueled by iced matcha lattes, while listening to:

© 2025 Vani Bhatnagar

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